Screening for hypovitaminosis D with plasma total 25(OH)D should be a routine part of the care of the patient requiring enteral or parenteral nutrition. It reviews methods for assessing vitamin D status and it suggests strategies to restore vitamin D status in patients requiring enteral or parenteral nutrition who are at particularly high risk of hypovitaminosis D. The review synthesizes the available evidence for the role of vitamin D in skeletal health as well as its novel roles in medical conditions such as muscle function, falls, immunity, glucose homeostasis and cardiovascular diseases. However, recent evidence suggests that vitamin D may also be important for a variety of non-skeletal outcomes. doi:10.1097/MD.The major and most well known function of vitamin D is to maintain calcium and phosphorus homeostasis and promote bone mineralization. Effect of vitamin D3 on self-perceived fatigue: A double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial. Vitamin D toxicity–a clinical perspective. Marcinowska-Suchowierska E, Kupisz-Urbańska M, Łukaszkiewicz J, Płudowsk P, Jones G. Evidence for the treatment of osteoporosis with vitamin D in residential care and in the community dwelling elderly. The effect of vitamin D3 on blood pressure in people with vitamin D deficiency: a system review and meta-analysis. Comparison of vitamin D2 and vitamin D3 supplementation in raising serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D status: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Screening for vitamin D deficiency in adults: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. US Preventive Services Task Force, et al. Vitamin D: fact sheet for health professionals. National Institutes of Health Office of Dietary Supplements.
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